Basic aspects of both the supply and utilisation of electrical energy, with some emphasis on contemporary aspects of energy utilisation, including modern developments, energy efficiency and environmental aspects. Electrical energy supply systems: transmission and distribution systems, power transfer, reactive power effects, fault current calculation and protection. Quality of electricity supply; transient overvoltages, harmonics etc. and their ramifications in the operation of electrical power equipment. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Utilisation of electrical energy: industrial application considerations, including DC machines, induction and synchronous motor drives. Computer-aided analysis of machines. Use of modern techniques of power electronics for application to variable speed drive systems, including DC-AC, DC-DC and AC-AC converters. Utilisation of electrical energy for lighting and industrial heating processes including discharge, induction and RF heating. Electrical safety of power equipment: equipment requirements for use in hazardous atmospheres; earthing and earth leakage protection.