Membrane stresses in axisymmetric shells, simple bending, bending of composite and reinforced concrete beams, principal and cross moments of area, unsymmetrical bending, transverse shear stresses in beams, shear centre, column buckling, theory of elasticity: compatibility – equilibrium – constitutive equations – plane stress/strain, st Venant’s principal, application of theory of elasticity to axisymmetric problems, torsion of prismatic bars, Prandtl’s membrane analogy, torsion of multiply connected thin-walled sections, deflection analysis based on the principle of virtual work, various modes of fracture, crack-tip stresses, stress intensity factor, fracture toughness, crack growth due to fatigue.