Natural Gas Engineering - PTRL4020

Properties of natural gases: typical compositions. Definition of terms. Basic concepts of thermodynamics: the energy equation; ideal gas heat capacities, mean heat capacities; enthalpy; heating values of fuels; greenhouse gas contributions. Consequences of the second law of thermodynamics: power plant limitations; LNG power requirements. Equations of state: general cubic equations, specific high accuracy equations. Use of equations of state to find residual energy properties. Gas compression: positive displacement and centrifugal compressors; fans. Calculation of poser requirements; isothermal, isentropic, polytropic efficiencies. Compressible flow: fundamental equations of flow: continuity, momentum, energy equations. Choking in nozzles and valves. Low velocity isothermal flow in horizontal and vertical pipes: the Weymouth equation; high velocity limitations. Introduction to gas hydrates; predicting hydrate formation; estimating rates of injection for hydrate inhibitors. Naturally occurring hydrates as an energy resource. Unconventional resources for natural gas (coalbed methane, shale gas, tight gas).