Manufacturing operations and competitiveness, concurrent product and process design, manufacturing processes and technologies, global supply chain, E-manufacturing, Just-in-time and lean manufacturing, enterprise resource planning, production and materials planning, statistical process control techniques, quality and project management. Concept of engineering economy, time value of money, equivalence, nominal versus effective interest rates, present worth, annual worth, internal rate of return, pay back period calculations, inflation, depreciation and after-tax economic analysis.