In this course, the relationships between the integration of thermodynamics and mass and energy balance in chemical plants are elucidated. Students will learn to solve chemical process problems involving several unit operations, gases and liquids, recycle, bypass or purge streams and chemical reactions. More detailed mechanisms of mass transfer such as diffusion and convection will be provided for fixed and free interfaces and for simple geometries. Particular emphasis will be placed on using these concepts to show how the interactions between chemical process plant and the environment arise and how the same concepts are used to control or mitigate the interactions.