Objectives: To build upon the previous clinical optometry courses and add binocular vision analysis and consideration of environmental factors in primary care case analysis. One focus of this course will be to give students the ability to detect, diagnose and treat nonstrabismic binocular anomalies. The other focus of the course is to impart an understanding of the impact of environmental factors on the eye and visual system, leading to an ability to manage environmentally produced ocular and visual problems. Both strands will involve lectures, practical and/or tutorial classes and self-directed learning.

Brief curriculum: Binocular vision: sensory and motor aspects of binocular vision, introduction to binocular vision anomalies and methods of their analysis, accommodation/convergence imbalances and treatment. Environmental optometry: optometrical aspects of occupational health and safety; ocular and visual factors in the workplace, visual ergonomics, visual standards, lighting design, screen-based equipment user.