This course examines the economic relevance of human capital. Drawing on writings from multiple Nobel laureates in economics, we begin by defining and categorizing different types of human capital, and then consider the economic importance of human capital both to the individual and to society. We discuss human capital production and investment decisions, and explore the connections between human capital and the labor market. The course is framed around a set of readings from the economics literature drawn from different times and various subfields of economics, illustrating the pervasive and important role of human capital in any economy.