Manufacturing integrated circuits; Resistor-Transistor Logic (RTL); Diode-Transistor Logic (DTL); Transistor- Transistor Logic (TTL); Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs); MOSFET logic; Interfacing different logic families; Tri-state outputs. The design and development of digital computers and/or systems. Topics can include: Computer organisation, comparative architecture of CPUs viewed from CISC and RISC design philosophies; the parallel computer data bus, handshaking, control, data flow; memories and memory organisation; peripherals; serial data buses (e.g. Ethernet); machine level programming, machine code, assembly language; massively parallel computers.