Process development: All activities required from the conception of the idea to produce a product through to the finalisation of the process flow diagram including process selection and evaluation, process design and process representation. Process economics: Capital and operating costs of a process plants. Fixed and variable costs. Break-even analysis. Cost estimation methods. Project financing. Process materials: The use, performance limits and selection of metals, plastics, refractories, ceramics and glass in construction of process plants. Corrosion, strength of materials, use of codes and standards.