Federal Constitutional Law deals basically with a number of the Commonwealth's legislative powers and their limitations, as discussed in the case law. In particular, the following powers and limitations: trade and commerce, external affairs, corporations, race, aliens, appropriation, grants and taxation, inconsistency of Commonwealth and State laws, freedom of interstate trade and commerce, excise and implied limitations on Commonwealth and State powers, including implied rights. larger ideas concerning the nature of constitutional interpretaion and the basic values of public law are also discussed. Further study of constitutional law may be undertaken in LAWS2292 The High Court of Australia and LAWS 429 Comparative Constitutional Law.