A brief introduction and relevance to Surveying and Spatial Information Systems (SIS). Why are we concerned about sustainability? Principles of sustainability (inter- and intra-generational equity, conservation of biodiversity, the precautionary principle, internalisation of environmental costs). Conservation of biodiversity and ecological integrity. Why is maintenance of biodiversity and ecological processes (free goods!) important? Current trends in impacts on global biodiversity. Special features of Australian biodiversity and ecosystems and our special responsibilities. The precautionary principle in sustainability. A key issue in the move to sustainability: energy use - forms and conservation in transport and settlement and impact on climate change (Enhanced Greenhouse Effect). The influence of Surveying and SIS. The Enhanced Greenhouse Effect. A systems approach in applying the sustainability principles in the practice of Surveying and SIS . Implementing sustainability - how? Monitoring and reporting progress to 'sustainable futures'. State of the Environment reporting - roles and examples. The 'sustainable' organisation. Meeting community expectations. Transparency, trust and public participation. Putting the pieces together for environmental applications. Looking to the future.