Basic concepts used in power circuit analysis: phasors, leading/lagging, power, power factor. Single-phase and three-phase systems. Electrical energy supply systems: transmission and distribution systems, power transfer, reactive power effects, fault current calculation. Basic aspects of both the supply and utilisation of electrical energy, with some emphasis on contemporary aspects of energy utilisation, including modern developments, energy efficiency and environmental aspect. Power quality: transient overvoltages, harmonics etc. and their ramifications in the operation of electrical power equipment. Protection in low-voltage distribution systems. Transformers: equivalent circuits, single and three-phase transformers. Electrical machine fundamentals. Industrial application considerations including DC machines, induction and synchronous motor drives. Electrical safety, equipment requirements for use in hazardous atmospheres. Heat generation in and effects on electrical equipment. Thermal ratings. Introduction to power electronics: single- and three-phase switching of electrical power. DC-AC, DC-DC and AC-AC converters. Utilisation of electrical energy for lighting and industrial heating processes including discharge, induction and RF heating.