History: Nineteenth-Century architecture and the present. By interpreting certain nineteenth- and early twentieth-century issues and debates, this Module makes it possible to clarify and question contemporary beliefs and achievements, such as technological progress, imperial expansion and the division of labour (which has prevented the exploration of more substantial relationships between the human body and architecture). Lectures will also look to history to reconsider issues which demand contemporary attention, including ornament, decorum, anthropomorphism, empathy and memory. Rather than presenting a survey of nineteenth-century architecture, each lecture will focus on a single issue and explore it through the works of particular architects and writers. The relevance to our current debates will be spelt out. Material is presented as one- and/or two-hour lectures supplemented with readings and analyses of selected texts in architectural history and architectural theory.