This course will focus on the urban climate problems and the relevant mitigation and adaptation design techniques and technologies to counterbalance the temperature increase in the urban built environment. The first part of the course, will explore the major issues of the city climate, will offer advanced knowledge on the interaction between the urban climate, buildings and open spaces, and will analyse the main impacts of local climate change on energy, indoor and outdoor thermal comfort, health and economy. The second part of the course will explore, analyse and present in details the major mitigation and adaptation design techniques and technologies to counterbalance the urban temperature increase. It will investigate and present issues related to the appropriate use of materials in cities, new advanced and cutting edge materials for open spaces and buildings, heat dissipation and amortization technologies for buildings and open spaces based on the use of low temperature environmental sinks, smart energy and environmental management technologies for cities, Anthropogenic heat avoidance technologies and all aspects related to the proper use of urban green in the built environment. Examples from successful real case studies will be presented. Modelling techniques to simulate the thermal characteristics of cities and evaluate the impact of the main mitigation and adaptation technologies will be presented, analysed and used by the students.