An introduction to the key concepts and issues surrounding the field of gifted education both in Australia and globally. Definitions of giftedness and talent will be explored and the concept of giftedness will be investigated from an analysis of its historical and cultural roots, to an examination of the current focus on domains, levels of giftedness and creativity. Recent developments in brain research and learning styles, along with recent research across the field will be analysed. The cognitive and affective characteristics of gifted students across the different domains and the impact of these on learning and teacher attitudes will be emphasised as well as the accompanying issues of underachievement and twice exceptionality. The strategies of identification of giftedness and possible responses to this identification will also be introduced.